The techniques and technologies developed and tested during the STEMM-CCS project that are relevant to this monitoring task are shown in the bar chart below. This chart indicates the overall ‘suitability score’ for each approach, which reflects an averaged ranking of each approach against 5 monitoring parameters: (1) Time needed to obtain the final results; (2) Cost of the measurement; (3) Spatial extent of detection covered by the method; (4) The relative CO₂ leakage rate and nature of leakage (i.e. bubbles or dissolved) that can be detected; (5) Technical readiness level of the method. Scores are provided on a scale from 1 to 3 and depend on many external factors, thus are defined relative to each other based on the scientific expertise of STEMM-CCS partners, using information available as of February 2020.

A description of the functionality of each technique and technology, an image of the associated instruments, a data example acquired during the STEMM-CCS project or another relevant project, and a summary of the strengths and limitations are made visible by clicking on the method of interest within the bar chart (which goes dark blue when selected). A breakdown of how the method was rated against the 5 monitoring parameters is provided in the ‘method scoring’ table, and is summarised in the spider diagram.

A direct comparison of the relative effectiveness of different methods can be viewed using the ‘comparison mode’, which is enabled by clicking on the box at the top of the bar chart. Within this function, multiple methods can be selected and compared (click on all techniques/technologies of interest), with the parameter scores for each approach summarised in a comparison table. The order in which the methods are ranked can be adjusted by selecting the parameter name within the table heading; an arrow will appear within the header to indicate the active selection. Recommendations on how to apply each of the selected methods are provided below the comparison table.